IRREGULAR COMPARISON

 IRREGULAR COMPARISON

The following Adjectives are compared irregularly, that is, their Comparative and superlative are not formed from the Positive:

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Good, well	Better	Best
Bad, evil, ill	Worse	Worst
Little	Less, lesser	Least
Much	More	Most (quantity)
Many	More	Most (number)
Late	Later, latter	Latest, last
Old	Older, elder	Oldest, eldest
Far	Farther	Farthest
(nigh)	(nigher)	Nighest, next
(fore)	(former)	Foremost, first
(in)	Inner	Furthest
(up)	Upper	Upmost, uppermost
(out)	Out, (utter)	Utmost, uttermost

Note: The forms nigh, nigher, nighest, fore and utter are outdated.

EXERCISE IN GRAMMAR 13

Compare  the following Adjectives:

Black, excellent, ill, gloomy, mad, safe, bad, unjust, gay, able, dry, timid, ugly, true, severed, exact, agreeable, difficult, little, few, numerous, merry.

the double forms of the Comparative and superlative of the Adjectives given in $ 85 are used in different ways.

Later, latter; latest, last – Later and latest refer to time; latter and last refer to position.

   He is later than I expected.

I have not heard the latest news.

The latter chapters are lacking in interest.

The last chapter is carelessly written.

Ours is the last house in the street.

FORMATION OF COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE

Most Adjectives of one syllable, and some of more than one, form the comparative by adding er and the superlative by adding est to the Positive.

Positive	Comparative		Superlative
Sweet	Sweeter		Sweetest
Small	Smaller		Smallest
Tall	Taller		Tallest
Bold	Bolder		Boldest
Clever	Cleverer	Cleverest
Kind	Kinder	Kindest
Young	Younger	Youngest
Great	Greater	greatest

 When the Positive ends in e, only r and st are added.

Brave	Braver	Bravest
Fine	Finer	Finest
White	Whiter	Whitest
Large	Larger	Largest
Able	Abler	Ablest
Noble	Nobler	Noblest
Wise	Wiser	wisest

When the Positive ends in y, preceded by a consonant, the y is changed into I before adding er and est.

Happy	Happier	Happiest
Easy	Easier	Easiest
Heavy	Heavier	Heaviest
Merry	Merrier	Merriest
Wealthy	Wealthier	wealthiest

 When the Positive is a word of one syllable and ends in a single consonant, preceded by a short vowel, this consonant is doubled before adding er and est.

Red	Redder	Reddest
Big	Bigger	Biggest
Hot	Hotter	Hottest
Thin	Thinner	Thinnest
Sad	Sadder	Saddest
Fat	Fatter	fattest

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

Read these sentences:

1. Rama’s mango is sweet.

2. Hari’s mango is sweeter than Rama’s.

3. Govind’s mango is the sweetest of all.

In sentence 1, the adjective sweet merely tells us that Rama’s mango has the quality of sweetness, without saying how much of this quality it has.

In sentence 2, the adjective sweeter tells us that Hari’s Mango compared with Rma’s has more of the quality of sweetness.

In sentence 3, the adjective sweetest tells us that of all these mangoes Govind’s  parison. They are called the three Degrees of Comparison.

The Adjective sweet is said to be in Positive Degree.

The Adjective sweeter is said to be in the Comparative Degree.

The Adjective sweetest is said to be in the Superlative Degree.

EXERCISE IN GRAMMAR 6

  Pick out all the ajectives in the in the following sentences, and say to which class each of them belongs:

1.       The ship sustained heavy damage.

2.       I have called several time.

3.       Every dog has his day.

4.       A live ass is better than a dead lin.

5.       Every man has his duties.

6.       Say the same thing twice over.

7.       Several persons were present at the time.

8.       He is a man of few words.

9.       Neither party is quite in the right.

10.   What time is it?

11.   Which pen do you prefer?

12.   The way was long, the wind was cold, the minstrel was infirm and old

13.   He comes here every day.

14.   I have not seen him for several days.

15.   There should not be much talk and title work.

16.   Abdul won the second prize.

17.   The child fell down from the great height.

18.   He was absent last week.

19.   He died a glorious death.

20.   A small leak may sink a great ship.

21.   Good wine needs no bush.

22.   I like the little pedlar who has a crooked nose.

23.   King francis was a hearty King, and loved a royal sport.

24.   In the furrowed land the toilsome and patient oxen stand.

25.   My uncle lives in the next house.

26.   Some dreams are like reality.

27.   A cross child is not liked.

28.   It is an ill wind that blows nobody any good.

EXERCISE IN COMPOSITION 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12

EXERCISE IN COMPOSITION 8

  Form Adjectives from the following Nouns:

Attach  each Adjective to a suitable noun.

  Ease, pity, time, heaven, health, wealth, love, hill, need, green, room, cost, pain doubt, wonder, peace, child, prince, mountain, ridicule, picture, labour, wood, pomp, artist progress, slave, contempt, tempest, sense, quarrel, thought, hope, friend.

EXERCISE IN COMPSOITION 9

Use each of the following Adjectives in sentence:

Models – a soft answer turneth away wrath.

His polite manners have endeared him to all

Swimming is a healthy exercise.

A certain man fell among thieves.

Happy, sad, industrious, lazy, big, small, soft, harsh, hard, polite, rude, wise, foolish, rich, poor, young, new, old, long, short, quick, slow, strong, weak, handsome, ugly, clever, dull, kind, cruel, healthy, dutiful, distant, certain.

EXERCISE IN COMPOSITION 10

English Tenses

English Tenses consist of:
Simple Present Tense
Simple Past Tense
Simple Future Tense



Present Continuous Tense
Past Continuous Tense
Future Continuous Tense

Present Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Future Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Future Perfect Continuous Tense

English Tenses

Simple Present Tense

Simple Present Tense used to express habits or general truth/facts. Usually use the words: everyday, always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc..
Example: I go to school everyday
vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
Past Present Future

Simple Past Tense

Simple Past Tense to indicate pas habits or action that already completed.
Example: She was a shy girl. I went to school yesterday.
vvvvv
Past Present Future

Simple Future Tense

To indicate promise or action / condition in the future.
Example: I will send you email. Manchester United will beat Liverpool.
                       v
Past Present Future

Present Continuous Tense

To indicate action that is happening at the time of speaking
Example: I am writing now.
   vvvvvvvvvvvv
Past Present Future

Exercise in Composition 7

    

 Supply suitable Adjectives:

1. The town stood a -------------------- siege.

2. The ---------- prize was won by a Hindu.

3. The ---------woman lives in a wretched hurt.

4.This is a very --------- matter.

5. The battle of waterloo ended in a -------------victory.

6. Suddenly there arose a ------------------- storm.

7. It is a --------------------- lie.

8. The ------ tidings were a heavy blow to the old man.

9. Here is Rs. 50;  pay the fare and keep the ------- money.

10 His reading is of a very ---------------- range.

11. the injured man wants -------------------- advice.

12. You cannot have it --------------------- ways.

13. India expects --------------- man to do his duty.

14.  The --------------------- bird catches the worm.

15. Have you any ------------------- reason to give?

16------------- anxiety has undermined his health.

17     There  were riots in -------------------- places.

FORMATION OF ADJECTIVES

79. (1) Many Adjectives are formed from Nouns.

Noun	Adjective	Noun	Adjective
Boy	boyish	Dirt	Dirty
Fool	Foolish	Storm	Stormy
Care	Careful	Pardon	Pardonable
Play	Playful	Laugh	Laughable
Hope	Hopeful	Outrage	Outrageous
Venture	Venturesome	Courage	Courageous
Trouble	Troublesome	Glory	Glorious
Shame	Shameless	Envy	Envious
Sense	Senseless	Man	Manly
Silk	Silken	King	Kingly
Gold	Golden	Gift	gifted